Is the European Union Trying to Tread a Separate Path: Breaking Shackles from the USA?

The European Union (EU) is the Economic and Political Union of 27 countries. It has long been seen as a close ally of the United States, bound by historical ties, shared democratic values, and economic interdependence. However, in recent years, particularly with the advent of Donald Trump’s second term, the EU has increasingly sought to carve out an independent path in global geopolitics. Rising tensions over defense spending, trade policies, tariffs issues and strategic autonomy have led Europe to reconsider its reliance on Washington. As the world faces significant political and economic shifts, the EU’s pursuit of a more self-reliant approach is becoming more evident. This article explores the historical foundations of the EU, its interdependence with the US, and the recent developments that indicate a growing divergence between the two powers.

Brief History of the European Union

The European Union (EU) was founded after World War II with the primary objective of fostering economic cooperation and preventing further conflicts on the continent. Over 39 Million People from Europe were killed during the Second World War with economy of most of West European countries got badly damaged. Europe was able to recover in a decade. The Treaty of Rome (1957) laid the foundation for the European Economic Community (EEC), which later evolved into the EU with the Maastricht Treaty (1993). Over the period, the EU has expanded both in membership and policy areas, transforming into a powerful economic and political bloc with a common market, currency (Euro), and foreign policy ambitions.

US-EU Interdependence

Historically, the transatlantic relationship between the US and the EU has been one of interdependence. The Marshall Plan post-WWII helped Europe rebuild, and NATO became the cornerstone of European security. Trade, defense, and diplomatic ties between the two have remained strong. However, occasional rifts have emerged over issues such as the Iraq War, trade policies, and more recently, handling global conflicts. Russia Ukraine war of three years and Europe support to Ukraine has made Russia as adversary of EU. NATO is a big security support for Europe but in recent few years, EU countries are feeling the need for own security umbrella.

Changes seen after Trump 2 Presidency

Donald Trump’s second term has seen an increase in policies that are not in the interest of the EU. His administration has continued pushing for greater European financial contributions to NATO while adopting more protectionist trade policies that strain US-EU economic ties. Furthermore, Trump’s unpredictable stance on key geopolitical issues, including relations with Russia and China, has created a sense of instability in Europe, pushing the EU towards greater strategic autonomy.

Rise of Far Right in Europe as Seen in Germany Elections

The resurgence of far-right political parties in Europe, exemplified by the recent German elections, signals a shift in political dynamics. The Alternative for Germany (AfD) has gained traction, reflecting growing dissatisfaction with traditional parties, migration policies, and economic challenges. This ideological shift could impact EU policies, including its stance on the US and foreign relations, potentially advocating for a more independent course.

Russia-Ukraine War

The Russia-Ukraine war has significantly impacted EU politics and policies. Initially aligned with the US in sanctioning Russia and supporting Ukraine, cracks have started to appear as European economies suffer from energy shortages and inflation. Some EU nations are reconsidering their stance, weighing the cost of prolonged involvement against their economic stability.

Recent USA-Russia Talks on the Russia-Ukraine War in Saudi Arabia

A major development that raised eyebrows in European capitals was the recent US-Russia talks in Saudi Arabia, where the EU was conspicuously absent. This exclusion underscores the EU’s limited influence in key geopolitical discussions, further fueling debates about the need for a more independent European foreign policy that is not solely tied to Washington’s decisions.

Defense Spending Increase in EU Countries

In response to global uncertainties and the perception of a declining US commitment to European security, several EU nations have ramped up their defense spending. Germany, France, and Poland, among others, have announced ambitious military modernization programs, moving towards greater self-reliance in defense matters. This trend aligns with calls for a European defense force, reducing NATO dependence.

NATO Security and Additional Monetary Contributions from Europe

NATO remains the primary security provider for the EU, but tensions over burden-sharing have grown under Trump’s second term. The US has continued pressuring European allies to significantly increase their defense spending and contributions to NATO. Many EU nations have responded by committing additional financial resources to bolster NATO’s operational capacity while simultaneously exploring ways to enhance their independent security framework to reduce reliance on Washington.

Global Geopolitics

The shifting world order has forced the EU to recalibrate its role in global geopolitics. With China rising as a dominant economic power, US policies becoming unpredictable, and regional conflicts escalating, the EU faces mounting pressure to assert itself as an independent global player. Presently EU countries have very limited economic influence on various regions of the world and almost no influence on Security issues.

President of European Commission Ursula von der Leyen’s Visit to India and India’s Concerns

At the invitation of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, President of the European Commission, H.E. Miss Ursula von der Leyen, accompanied by the European Union College of Commissioners, are paying an official visit to India on 27-28 February 2025. Miss Leyen’s visit to India reflects the EU’s push to strengthen ties with emerging powers. India, a crucial strategic partner, shares concerns over supply chain disruptions, global trade dynamics, and security in the Indo-Pacific. While deliberations are expected to lay the foundation for upcoming ‘Free Trade Agreement’ talks in March, its scope is much larger than just mutual economic reassurances. Europe may see India as a befitting partner in the Indo-Pacific with respect to the regional balance of power. However India remains cautious about Europe’s fluctuating foreign policies and its alignment with Western powers, but would like to use this opportunity for better trade relations and finally a permanent seat in UN Security Council.

Conclusion

The EU is at a crossroads, increasingly seeking strategic autonomy while remaining entangled in transatlantic relations. The rise of far-right politics, military spending, and geopolitical shifts are pushing the bloc towards a more independent role. While complete decoupling from the US remains unlikely, the EU’s recent moves indicate a strong desire to break free from Washington’s shadow and establish itself as a global force in its own right.

Colonel Dr Rakesh Shrivastawa -Registrar, PDEU